Relaxation Time & Semiconductors - The basics of creating overunity devices.

Relaxation Time - The time it takes for the free electrons in a conductor (or material) to reach
the skin of the wire after potential is applied, is, of course, called the relaxation time. During that
time, the free electrons in the gas are "trapped" insofar as producing current (dissipation of the
potential) is concerned. However, immediately after the relaxation time ends, current begins and
dissipation of the trapped energy begins.

In copper, the relaxation time is incredibly rapid. It's about 1.5 x 10-19 sec.

However, in quartz it is about 10 days! So as you can see, we need to get somewhere
in between these two values, and so we will have to "mix" or "dope" materials.

We must get a sufficiently long relaxation time so that we can switch and collect
comfortably in cycle one, then switch into cycle two for dispersion of the freely
collected energy in the collector. However, the relaxation time we get must also be
short enough to allow quick discharge in the load, as soon as we switch the primary
source away from the collector. Actually, we need a degenerate semiconductor material
instead of plain copper.

Degenerate Semiconductor Material

A semiconductor material is intermediate between a good conductor and an insulator.
It's a nonlinear material, and doped.

A degenerate semiconductor material is one which has all its conduction bands filled
with electrons, and so it thinks it is a conductor. That is, a degenerate semiconductor
is essentially a doped conductor, so to speak. As you can see, we can increase the
relaxation time in our "conductors" connected to the source by making them of degenerate
semiconductor material. What we're talking about is "doping" the copper in the wire, and
in the collector, so that we can have plenty of time to collect, and switch, and discharge,
and switch, and collect, etc.

Now in a doped conductor (degenerate semiconductor), we can tailor the relaxation time by
tailoring the doping. We must dope the copper before we make the wire. Why would we wish to
do that? We want to overcome the single problem that so far has defeated almost all the
"overunity" researchers and inventors.

WHEN YOU CONNECT TO A SOURCE, YOU CAN ONLY EXTRACT CURRENT-FREE
POTENTIAL -- FREE "TRAPPED EM ENERGY" -- DURING THE ELECTRON RELAXATION
TIME IN THE CONNECTING CONDUCTORS AND SUCCEEDING CIRCUIT COMPONENTS.
AFTER THAT, YOU'RE STEADILY EXTRACTING POWER, AND THE ENERGY EXTRACTED
FROM THE SOURCE IS BEING PARTIALLY DISSIPATED IN THE RESISTANCE/LOADING
OF THE CIRCUIT, AND PARTIALLY DISSIPATED IN THE INTERNAL RESISTANCE OF THE
SOURCE. IN THE LATTER DISSIPATION, YOU'RE ALSO DISSIPATING YOUR SOURCE BY
DOING WORK ON IT INTERNALLY TO KILL IT.

Good Copper Wire - Bane of Overunity Inventors

Many destitute inventors, tinkering and fiddling with overunity devices, finally get something
(a circuit or device) that does yield more work out than they had to input. At that point, they
usually conclude that it's simply the specific circuit configuration and its conventional functioning
that produces the overunity work.

However, usually as soon as this configuration is more carefully built with very good materials,
boom ! It isn't overunity anymore. The inventors and their assistants then desperately bang and
clang away, getting more frustrated as the years pass. The investors get mad, sue for fraud, or
get in all sorts of squabbles. The scientists who tested it and found it wanting, pooh-pooh the
whole thing as a scam and a fraud, or just a seriously mistaken inventor. Scratch one more
"overunity" device.

Most of these inventors got their successful effect (and possibly erratically) when they were
struggling with inferior, usually old, usually corroded materials. Actually, the more inferior, the
better. The more contaminated/doped, the better!

The moment you wire up your circuit with good copper wire connected between the battery or
primary source and any kind of load including the distributed circuitry loading itself, you can
forget about overunity. You will lose it in the copper, after the first 1.5 x 10-19 second!

Think of a really good conductor such as copper as an essentially linear material. Linear means
energy conservative. Overunity can only be done with a highly nonlinear effect. So your
"conductors" have to be made of nonlinear materials. In fact, they have to be made of
degenerate semiconductor material. For the type of circuitry we are talking about, the copper
has to be doped and then made into "doped copper" wiring. You also have to utilize the primary
battery only to potentialize a collector (secondary battery/source), and then use this secondary
battery source to conventionally power the load while also killing itself.

The Wiring & The Collector Must Be of Degenerate Semiconductor (DSC) Material

A good materials scientist/engineer, together with a decent electrodynamicist, can readily design
and tailor some doped copper wiring so that the material in the wiring is a degenerate
semiconductor material, with a target (desired) relaxation time.

That's what you should use to make the wiring to connect up your source to the collector with, and
that type of material is also what you use in your collector. You can use either a coil or a capacitor
as the collector, but its "conductive" material has to be degenerate semiconductor material -- in short,
it must be doped to have the proper relaxation time. From the collector to the load, however, obviously
you want to use a good conductor material. Ordinary copper will do nicely there.

Once you do that, you're in business. When making the DSC material, simply tailor the
relaxation time to something which is easily switched. For example, take one millisec. With a
relaxation time of that long, switching is easy. In fact, one could even use good mechanical
switching. Or easily use inexpensive ordinary solid state switching, without having to go all the
way to nanosecond switching.

Then, in the collector, you calculate the number of "trapped coulombs" you have. Take the
"trapped voltage" (current-free potential's energy density per coulomb) you extract from the
source during the electron relaxation time after the collector is connected. Multiply the number
of trapped coulombs in the collector by the trapped voltage during collection, and you have the
amount of energy in joules that you extract FOR FREE, without paying for it, from the source
during every collection cycle.

Sources, Collectors & Power

Tapping Vacuum Energy. You're getting the excess electrical energy directly from the vacuum,
as we briefly pointed out above. The vacuum will freely replenish all the "trapped voltage" you
extract from the primary source during the electron relaxation time. It won't replenish a single bit
of "dissipated voltage" (power) you extract from the source.

Note that the same considerations apply in the collector. It's got to have a somewhat longer
electron relaxation time. Its electrons stay "unrelaxed" during the collection cycle, and
allow for some additional switching time to connect to the load.

The "trapped voltage" across the collector multiplied by the number of trapped coulombs in it, gives
the number of joules of FREE EM ENERGY you extract and get into and onto the collector (the shovel).

In other words, that's your "shovelful of coal." You then throw the "shovelful" onto the fire / load
you simply disconnect the collector from the primary source and connect it across the external load.
The collector(secondary battery) now powers the load and its own internal resistance, "killing" itself
while furnishing the energy for powering the external load as well.

The Source Can Be Almost Anything

You can use as a source a simple elevated wire, to "tap" potential from the 200-300 volts/meter
between earth and ionosphere. Here again, you need to utilize calibrated, doped wire.

Finally, you must adjust the repetition switching in accordance with the discharge time through
the load. In other words, you have a serial process as follows:

(1) extract trapped energy (potential) from the source onto the collector, ?t1.
(2) Switch the collector off the source, onto the load, during time ?t2.
(3) Wait while the collected energy in the collector discharges through the load, during time ?t3.
(4) Switch the collector back off the load and onto the potential source, during time ?t4. that completes one cycle.

The serial timing simply is [?t1 + ?t2 + ?t3 + ?t4].

If you balance all the doping and the materials design, and correlate the switching, you can
get all the free energy you wish. Properly utilized, a single car battery can be used to power an
electric automobile indefinitely. Or even to power a battleship. In the real world, of course, you
will inevitably have a tiny bit of loss as you go, because there's a finite (though high) resistance
between the two poles of your battery.

Handling that is a piece of cake. Simply run a separate little collection circuit to collect a little
bit of trapped EM energy from the slowly leaking source, and ever so often feed the collected energy
back into the battery as power, to "reseparate" the charges (charge the battery) and replace the small
amount of the primary source's potential gradient that has been lost.

The battery, load, and "trickle charger" then become a closed-circuit free-energy source that will last
for years and years.

Limited Only By One's Imagination: Of course you can see many variants; this is just the "master key."
You can have multiple collectors, collecting trapped energy simultaneously or in sequence off a single
source, and pooling their collected energy to more powerfully power the load. You can utilize a very
high "voltage", such as in the Swiss electrostatic overunity device, to increase the energy collected
per coulomb in each switching (in each shovelful) in accord with equation.

For a battery, you can set a separate little collector/load device to trickle-charge the battery,
overcoming the small normal "leakage current" that does occur in batteries and in real circuits
and devices. The opportunities are endless. You can put in a unit to take mostly only power-free
energy from the "power line" feeding your business or home, reducing your utility bill by -- say -- 90%.
Or you can simply build a small home power unit to do the whole job, for only a few hundred dollars.
This simple secret can be used to power the world, cheaply and cleanly, and to clean up the biosphere.

All Electrical Power Sources Are Already Free Energy Receiving Antennas

All conventional electrical power systems already contain fully functional free energy systems
in their source component. Each conventionally designed system is, however, deliberately suicidal,
since part of the system's own energy is utilized to work against itself and destroy itself.
This is primarily due to the preoccupation of engineers with power and work.

They do not consider the source as an energy source, but as a power source. Power being the time-rate
of performing work, and work being the dissipation of energy, they are thus naturally conditioned to
think of the "dissipation of the source" as its natural functioning.

In fact, hardly a single one of them is aware that EM energy itself is a free-flowing process.
Only a finite collector possesses a finite collection of EM energy. In nature, the potential
gradients of all dipoles are already rivers of free-flowing EM energy exchange with those dipoles,
where the energy density is freely furnished and is essentially free for the taking.

It is mind-boggling that we have all been conditioned to extract this free energy furnished by nature
and the creator, but to always utilize half of the extracted energy to destroy the receiver-antenna and
thus strangle the flow!

In our work, we simply have excised this "self-destructive" cancer and reworked the circuitry so that
only a minimal amount of the freely extracted energy is utilized for internal destruction of the source-antenna.

An Electrical Power Source Is a Dipolar Antenna For Free Reception of Energy

An electrical power source is in fact only a dipolar antenna for reception of potential (hidden bidirectional
Whittaker/Ziolkowski waves). All the current you run back through the back emf of the source, to perform
dissipative work inside it, is something you yourself are doing to the source.

If no work is done inside the source's internal bipolar separation of charges (i.e., if no electron or ion
current is forced back up from the ground return line against the source antenna's potential and therefore against its back emf), then the dipolar source-antenna will last essentially forever, or until something corrodes or breaks mechanically.

The flow exchange of energy between the vacuum and the dipolar source-antenna is freely driven
by all the charges of the universe, in accordance with Puthoff's cosmological feedback loop.

Massless Displacement Current

Technically one is using massless displacement current to charge the capacitor, rather than
electron mass flow current. It is real energy flow nonetheless; just in work-free, dissipation-free form.
As is well-known, one plate of a capacitor already charges the other plate by just this very massless
displacement current, transporting real EM energy across the gap between the plates in the process.
The electrons themselves do not cross the gap.

Displacement current is already well-known to be "free" energy transport without any dissipation as power and work. By drawing massless displacement current only from the source-antenna instead of electron flow current, you can draw work-free, dissipation-free energy as long as you wish, as often as you wish, and  as much as you wish, without ever dissipating the source-antenna. You just have to collect it onto some trapped electrons or other charges, such as in a capacitor's plates, then switch the collected energy (charged capacitor) separately across a load, in a separate discharge circuit, to discharge through the load as work.

The real trick is to prevent the electrons in the circuit from moving and providing mass "energy dissipation" current inside the source during the collection process. In the original paper, we explained that this could be done by using as a collector a degenerate semiconductor material, with extended electron gas relaxation time.

In this paper we have explained how this can be done by step-charging an ordinary capacitor as a collector. We have also included specific references proving (both experimentally & theoretically) that this is correct. With the requirement for special materials removed, there is no reason that a competent researcher cannot develop a step-charged capacitor device to prove it experimentally for himself or herself.

This information needs to be understood by anyone who wishes to build over unity electrical devices. With the recent introduction of super capacitors, circuit designers will now be able to take advantage of the step charging technique & thus create motionless free electron current generators to charge batteries or power small devices.

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